rack one's brains
try one's best to think；try to remember sth．one has known；think hard with little or no result 绞尽脑汁；努力思考仍无结果；尽力回忆
He racked his brains during the test trying to solve the difficult problem．考试时他绞尽脑汁试图把难题解出来。
Henry racked his brains trying to remember where he left his key．亨利想来想去，试图回忆起他把钥匙放在什么地方了。
rack up
score；acquire；gain；win获胜得分；获得；赢得
He racked up a large number of points．他得了很多分。
That bright student racked up 10scholarships during his college years．那个聪明的学生在大学时代获得10次奖学金。
rail at
reproach；abuse；complain bitterly of责骂；辱骂；对…大发牢骚
It's no use your railing at fate．抱怨命运不好是无济于事的。
We must not simply rail at a comrade when he makes mistakes，but we should help him correct them．当一个同志犯了错误时，我们不要仅仅责骂他，而应该帮助他改正。
rail in
enclose with rails or a railing用围栏围起来
They railed the area in．他们把那块地用栏杆围起来了。
rail off
mark off or separate with rails or a railing用栏杆隔开
The end of the garden was railed off to stop the children straying into the road．花园的尽头用栏杆隔开，不让孩子们走到大路上去。
They railed the meadows off from the new railway．他们用栏杆把草地和新修的铁路隔开了。
rain cats and dogs
rain very hard下大雨
In the middle of the picnic it started to rain cats and dogs and everyone got soaked．野餐中途下起了大雨，每个人都淋透了。
rain in
pour in纷至沓来；涌进
Invitations rained in on all sides．各方请柬纷至沓来。
rain or shine
1．whatever the weather is like无论天气如何
The sports meet will be held，rain or shine．无论天晴或下雨，运动会都将举行。
2．whatever happens无论什么情况
Sam knows he can depend on his family，rain or shine．山姆知道，无论发生什么情况，他都可以依靠家庭。
rain out
postpone or call off on account of rain（said of a football game or any other outdoor activity）（usn．used in passive voice）因雨而推迟或停止举行（通常指足球或其它户外活动，常用被动语态）
The baseball game that we had planned to watch on TV was rained out．棒球赛因雨而取消，我们就看不成电视实况转播了。
We didn't know that the outdoor hockey match had been rained out and so we had to drive back home without seeing it．我们不知道那场室外曲棍球赛因雨而取消，所以只好开车回家没看成。
rainy day
a time of need，esp．a time when money may be needed困难的时候，尤指缺钱的时候
I don't spend my whole salary．I put some in the bank for a rainy day．我不花光全部工资，在银行里存些钱以备不时之需。
Each week he saved a little money for a rainy day．每周他节省点钱以备急用。
raise（one's）eyebrows
feel shocked；cause surprise or disapproval（使）震惊
We all raised our eyebrows when we heard that two young men had beaten a tiger to death barehanded．当听到两个年轻人赤手空拳打死一只老虎时，我们不禁为之愕然。
The news that the princess was engaged to a commoner raised eyebrows all over the kingdom．公主与平民订婚的消息使全王国为之震惊。
raise the roof
1．make a lot of noise吵闹
The gang raised the roof with the singins．这帮人唱歌唱得吵死人。
2．scold loudly大声批评；严厉指责
Mother raised the roof when she saw the dog's muddy footprints on her new bed spread．看到新床单上有狗的泥脚印时，母亲便高声训斥。
rather than
more willingly…than；instead of 宁可…也不；而不
The dictator relied on abuse of his opponents rather than on sound reasoning．那个独裁者对他的反对者宁可大骂也不愿采取说理的办法。
rattle/reel off
say quickly without having to stop to think；recite easily and rapidly 不用思考而滔滔不绝地说出；背诵如流
We asked the waitress what flavors of ice cream she had，and she rattled them off．我们问女服务员有些什么样的冰淇淋，她不加思索地说出了一大串。
The professor rattled off a list of books that would be useful in studying the topic．这位教授报出了一串对研究这个专题有用的书籍。
rattle through
say or do rather quickly迅速地说出；迅速地做某事
He rattled thuough his work in half an hour．他很快地在半小时内做完了工作。
The speaker rattled through his speech，failing to keep the interest of the crowd．那位演讲者很快就讲完了话，但是没能把握住听众的兴趣。
rave about
1．speak about sth．with great admiration；talk about sth．with exaggerated enthusiasm大声赞扬；狂热地谈论某事
All the girls raved about the new singer．所有女孩都盛赞这位新歌手。
I cannot understand why teenagers rave about some of these pop singers．我真不明白为什么十几岁的年轻人会如醉如痴地谈论那些流行歌手。
2．give a display of uncontrollable anger or indignation about对…表现出极度的愤怒
Thinking that I might be a ready and sympathetic listener，she started raving about the shameful way she had been treated by her husband．她认为我可能愿意听而且会表示同情，所以就开始愤怒地诉说她丈夫对她的种种不体面的行径。
reach for
stretch one's hand so as to touch or hold伸手拿
There was no time for me to reach for my own gun．我来不及掏出枪。
read between the lines
find a meaning that is not expressed体会字里行间的意思
If you read between the lines，this letter is really a request for money．如果你细心体会一下，这封信实际上是要钱。
Read between the lines，and you'll find out what's at the back of his mind．从字里行间去体会他的言外之意，你就会发现他头脑里究竟在考虑什么。
read into
give an interpretation to（a statement，a situation，etc．）；add more than is justified对（声明、形势等）加以解释；自以为有某种含意
He read into the statement a deep insult．他认为该声明含有极大的侮辱。
You are reading into the situation more than the facts warrant．你对形势的估计比实际情况夸大了。
Too much should not be read into the minister's statement；we can't expect a sudden easing of the situation．不要对部长的讲话乱加解释；我们不能指望形势会突然缓和下来。
Don't read things into what I say．不要对我讲的话妄加解释。
read out of
expel from，or declare no longer to belong to（some organization）by proclamation of any kind宣布除名；自（政党等）逐出
He was read out of the club for violation of its rules．他因违反俱乐部规章而被开除。
read sb．'s mind
know what sb．is thinking知道某人在想什么；猜透某人的心思
I have known John so long that I can read his mind．我跟约翰已认识很久了，因此我知道他在想什么。
read up
1．collect information by reading 通过阅读获取知识或情报
He was reading up what Roberts had written on the history of India．他正在研究罗伯茨所写的关于印度历史的著作。
2．read carefully for an examination or other special purposes为准备考试或其它目的仔细攻读
I'm going to read up on statistics before the exam．我打算在考试前攻读统计学。
He has been reading the subject up．他一直在攻读这门课程。
ready for
prepared and fit for准备好
It took us several hours to gat the gymnasium ready for the school dance．为办学校舞会，我们花了几个小时才把体育馆布置好。
reckon on
1．trust信赖
You can always reckon on me．你总是可以信赖我。
2．expect（sth．to happen）；base one's assumption on盼望（某事发生）；没想到
You can't reckon on seeing him．你不要指望能见到他。
She didn't reckon on six dinner guests．她没有预料来赴宴的客人会有6个。
reckon with
1．deal with对付；处理
I have to reckon with many problems every day．我每天必须处理许多问题。
I wouldn't like to reckon with the director when he is in a bad temper．主任脾气不好时我不想与他打交道。
2．consider carefully；include in consideration or planning认真考虑；考虑到
We must reckon with all possible difficulties when we are considering the contract．在考虑合同时，我们要把所有可能的困难都估计到。
Before you do anything，you must reckon with the danger that may arise there from．无论做什么事，都必须估计到可能因此而产生的危险。
3．settle accounts or claims with 结算账目；结账
It is a long time since I reckoned with the merchant．我已经很久没有和那个商人结账了。
4．punish惩罚
All those who opposed us have now been reckoned with．所有反对我们的人都已受到了惩罚。
reconciled to
prepared to accept甘心接受
He is not reconciled to his defeat．他不甘心失败。
recover from
regain health from恢复健康
A healthy child quickly recovers from a fever．健康的孩子发烧后康复很快。
refer to
1．make reference of allusion to；mention谈到；提到
It was unwise in your speech to refer to rising unemployment．你在讲话中谈到失业率上升的情况，这是不明智的。
The veteran fighter referred to his experiences during the Long March．那位战士提到他在长征中的经历。
2．look at sth．for information查阅
If you don't know what it means，refer to the dictionary．如果你不知道它的意思，可以查字典。
In drawing up the plan，they went to the library to refer to many books．在制订计划时，他们到图书馆查阅了许多书籍。
3．concern；relate or apply to涉及；关于；有关
The new law does not refer to the land used for farming．这项新法律不涉及农业用地。
I have examined all the documents referring to the matter．我翻阅了所有关于此事的文件。
What I have to say refers to all of you．我要讲的话与你们大家都有关。
4．send to sb．for decision or action提交…处理
The shop referred the complaint to the maker of the article．那家商店将投诉意见转给了制造商。
We referred the matter to the Finance Committee．我们把这事提交财务委员会处理。
refer to…as
speak of…as将…称作
Smoking is usually referred to as a bad habit．抽烟通常被认为是坏习惯。
I heard them refer to her as“Big Sister”．我听见他们称她为“大姐”。
Since gases and liquids are capable of flowing，they are commonly referred to as fluids．气体和液体都能流动，所以统称为流体。
refine（up）on
1．make better；improve改进；改造
We can refine on our plan if we consider the problem carefully．如果我们仔细考虑一下这个问题，我们是能把计划改进一下的。
He was asked to refine on her first outline to make it clearer and more exact．他被要求对她的最初提纲进行修改，使之更清楚更确切。
2．be better than；surpass胜过；比…更好
Modern farming techniques refine on those of the past．现代农业技术比过去强。
We shall have to refine on our methods of advertising if we are to reach a wider public．我们如果想要造成更广泛的影响，就必须更加完善我们做广告的方法。
reflect（up）on
1．consider carefully认真考虑
I reflected on all he had said to me．我仔细考虑了他对我说的话。
As you get older you begin to reflect on the uncertainty of life．随着年龄的增长，你会开始意识到生活是不稳定的。
2．bring sth．into disfavor or question带来不利影响或造成问题；使…名誉不好
The lie that you told reflects on your honesty．你的谎言有损于你的诚实。
His arrogance only reflects on himsdlf．他的傲慢无礼只能使自己丢脸。
3．discredit or doubt；blame怀疑；不信任；责备
I don't wish to reflect upon your sincerity．我并不愿意怀疑你的诚实。
The man made recommendations which reflected on their efficiency．那个人提出了一些建议，指责了他们的工作效率。
refrain from
1．hold oneself back from；keep oneself from克制使自己不做；自制
You must refrain from spitting in the street．你不能在街上随地吐痰。
Plesse refrain from smoking．请勿吸烟。
I pur posely refrain from arguing with him．我有意克制自己不和他争辩。
I refrained from further words．我忍住没有再说下去。
2．prevent from阻止；防止
Fortunately he was refrained from wrongaoing．很幸运，他被阻止没有做出蠢事来。
regain one's feet
get back up again after falling down跌倒后重新站起来
The boy fell while he skied down the hill but he regained his feet quickly．这男孩滑雪下坡时摔倒了，但他很快又爬了起来。
regard…as
consider sb．or sth．to be认为…是
I regard him as my brother．我把他当作自己的兄弟。
It is regarded as impossible．这事被认为不可能。
regardless of
paying no attention to不考虑
Regardless of the danger，he climbed the tower．他不顾危险，爬上了那座塔。
He insisted on trying，utterly regardless of the possible grave consequences．他全然不顾可能产生的后果，执意要试一试。
relate to
1．tell sth．to sb．向…讲述
The children enjoyed relating their imaginary adventures to the visitors．孩子们喜欢向来客讲述他们幻想中的冒险故事。
He related to his students his adventures vividly．他向学生们生动地叙述了他的奇遇。
2．understand and like sth．理解并且喜欢
I can't relate to loud modern music．我不喜欢喧闹的现代音乐。
3．have a friendly and sympathetic relationship with sb．与…有友好和谐的关系
This boss is best at relating to his employees．这位老板很善于和他的雇员们相处。
A good teacher is one who can relate to the students，not just one who has a lot of information．一个好老师应该能够与学生和谐相处，而不仅仅是个知识的拥有者。
4．be concerned with；be in relationship with关于；涉及；与…有关
He sent me a letter relating to his son's marriage．他给我来信讲了关于他儿子的婚事。
She is only concerned with things relating to herself．她只关心与她自己有关的事情。
The unemployment figures are not necessarily related to the rise in prices．失业数字不一定与物价上涨有关。
5．connect by family与某人有亲戚关系
How are you related to her？你和她是什么亲戚关系？
Jim is related to Jack；Jack is his uncle．吉姆和杰克是亲戚，杰克是吉姆的叔叔。
elative to
1．on the subject of；about关于
Have you any information relative to the effect of penicillin on mice？你有关于青霉素对老鼠产生效应方面的资料吗？
Please tell us the facts relative to the accident．请告诉我们与这次事故有关的情况。
He said nothing relative to his plans about returning．他没有谈到关于他回来的计划。
2．in comparison with与…相比较
Relative to the size of an ant，a blade of grass is as tall as a tree．与蚂蚁相比，一根草简直有一棵树那么高。
relieve of
1．take from sb．；free sb．from替…拿；使某人免于
Let me relieve you of that heavy parcel．让我替你提那个重包。
You'd better relieve Mary of some of the housework．你最好减轻一点玛丽的家务活。
2．dismiss from（a position）解除（某人职务）
The captain was relieved of his post when his guilt was proved．证明有罪之后，船长被解除了职务。
She was relieved of her post at her own request．她要求辞职并被批准了。
3．rob sb．of sth．抢劫（某人的东西）
A thief relieved me of￡5．小偷偷了我5英镑钱。
rely（up）on
1．trust信任；相信
You may rely on me．你可以信任我。
I rely upon your words absolutely．我绝对相信你的话。
2．depend on依赖
You can't always rely on others'help．你不能总是依赖别人的帮助。
Don't rely on chance；rely on yourself．不要靠机会，要靠你自己的努力。
remind of
make sb．remember使…想起
This hotel reminds me of the one we stayed in last year．这家旅馆使我想起了去年我们住过的那家。
He rather reminds me of his brother．见了他就使我想起了他的哥哥。
resort to
turn to（sth．，often bad）for help；employ求助于（某物，常指不好的）；诉诸于；用
When his wife left him，he resorted to drinking．他妻子离开他之后，他就开始酗酒了。
Never resort to mean tricks to serve your end．千万不可用欺诈的手段来达到你的目的。
respond to
1．answer or react to回答或反应
Would anyone care to respond to the last question？谁愿意回答最后 一个问题？
2．get better as a result of （medicine）（药物）有效；因（药物）起作用而变好
The disease failed to respond to drugs．药对这病无效。
Most patients respond to this treatment．这种治疗对大部分病人有效。
responsible to/for
legally or morally liable for carrying out a duty有责任的
Who is responsible for the project？谁负责这项工程？
The pilot of an airliner is responsible for the safety of the passengers．飞行员对乘客的安全负有责任。
rest assured
do not doubt；be certain毋需置疑；放心
Rest assured，Mr．Wang will do his best to make your visit pleasant．请放心，王先生会尽力使你们的访问愉快的。
You may rest assured that everything possible will be done．你放心好了，凡能做到的，一定去做。
rest（up）on
1．lean on；be supported by依靠；支撑
The bridge rests upon stone arches．石拱支撑着桥。
The roof rests on eight columns．这屋顶时8根圆柱支撑着。
2．（of eyes）stay on；fix at（眼睛）凝视；注视
His eyes rested on the peaceful valley below．他注视着下面宁静的山谷。
3．depend on；rely on；be based or founded on依据；相信；以…为基础
His decision to sail west rested on his belief that the world was round．他决定向西航行，因为他相信地球是圆的。
I rest on your promise．我相信你的诺言。
Our hope rests on you．我们的希望寄托在你们身上。
restrain…from
hold back；keep under control；prevent from doing sth．克制；抑制；阻止于某事
The dog was restrained from attacking the man．那狗被挡住，不让它咬人。
We had difficulty in restraining the children from rushing into the hall．我们很难不让孩子们冲进礼堂来。
restrict to
limit；keep within certain limits限制；约束；使在限度内
Our club membership is restricted to twenty．我们俱乐部的成员限制在20人以内。
Discussion at the meeting was restricted to the agenda．这次会议的讨论只限于议程上的内容。
We are restricted to a speed of 30miles an hour in builtup areas．建筑物林立地区，我们的车速限制为每小时30英里。
rest up
have a complete rest充分休息；彻底休息；歇足
After the exam，I'm going to rest up for a few weeks．考试结束后，我要好好休息几个星期。
rest with
lie with；be the responsibility of取决于…；由…负责
The fate of these prisoners rests with the judge．这些囚犯的命运掌握在法官手中。
It rests with you to decide．这要看你决定了。
result from
be the effect of sth．由…引起；由…产生
Success results from hard work．成功来自于努力工作。
Any damage resulting from negligence must be paid by the borrower．因疏忽引起的任何损坏须由借方负责赔偿。
His illness resulted from bad food．他的病是由于吃了变质的食物引起的。
result in
cause；lead to；bring about the result that导致；造成…成果
The accident resulted in the death of two passengers．这场事故造成两名乘客死亡。
Compulsion will never result in convincing them．压制决不可能使他们信服。
His carelessness results in a serious blunder．他的粗枝大叶致使他犯了一个严重错误。
return the compliment
1．say or do the same to sb． that he has said or done to one回敬
Mary said：“I love your new hairdo．” and Julie returned the compliment with“what a pretty dress you're wearing，Mary．”玛丽说：“我喜欢你的新发型。”朱丽回答说：“玛丽，你穿的衣服好漂亮啊。”
2． Pay sb． back回报；报复
Henry hit Jerry on the head，and Jerry returned the compliment．亨利打了杰里头上一拳，杰里也对亨利报以一拳。
revenge oneself（up）on…（for）get even with…for为…而向…报仇
Hamlet revenged himself on his uncle，for his father's death．哈姆雷特向叔父报了杀父之仇。
He is sure to revenge himself on anyone who dares to bully or insult him．对胆敢欺负和侮辱他的人，他是一定要报复的。
rich in
full of 充满
The city is rich in ancient buildings．这个城市里有很多古建筑。
right away
without delay；at once毫不迟疑；马上；立即
I'm sorry I forgot to bring your medicine down；I'll go upstairs and get it right away．很抱歉我忘记把药给你拿下来了，我马上上楼给你拿来。
She says that dinner will be ready right away．她说晚饭马上就准备好了。
right now
immediately 即刻；马上
Please stop right now ．请立即停下来。
ring down
1． give signal for lowering（the curtain）鸣铃闭幕；落幕
When the curtain was rung down on the first performance，the audience broke into enthusiastic applause．当第一个节目演完，鸣铃落幕时，观众报以热烈的掌声。
2 ． bring about a conclusion告终；完毕；竣工
I'm sorry to hear that they have decided to ring down the curtain on their marriage．听说他们要离婚，我感到很遗憾。
ring in
1． bring in sb．or sth．from the outside dishonestly or without telling；often hire and introduce under a false name以不正当的手段引进；雇用或介绍冒名顶替的人
No wonder their team beat us；they rang in a professional to pitch for them under the name of Dan Smith．难怪他们队打败了我们，他们雇用了一个冒名丹·史密斯的职业投手替他们投球。
They will surely try to ring in an unqualified delegate．他们肯定想塞进一名不合格的代表进来。
2． come or participate without being invited不请自来
Nobody invited him，but he works in our office and somehow managed to ring in on our party．他在我们办公室工作，但谁也没有邀请他，不知怎么的来参加我们的晚会了。
3．ring a special clock that records the time one begins to work 揿考勤钟记录上班的时间
We have to ring in at the shop before eight o'clock in the morning．我们必须在早上 8点前揿考勤钟记下自己到店里的上班时间。
4． usher in by ringing 鸣钟迎来
The Scots like to ring in the New Year．苏格兰人喜欢鸣钟迎新年。
ring off end a telephone conversation挂断电话
I'd better ring off now—the baby is crying．我现在得挂电话了，孩子在哭。
I'll have to ring off now but I'll ring you back tomorrow．我要挂电话了，我明天再给你去电话。
ring out
1． ring a special clock that records the time you leave work 揿考勤钟记录下班的时间
Charles can't leave early in his new job； he has to ring out．查尔斯在新的工作岗位上不能早退，因为他要揿考勤钟记录他下班的时间。
2．usher or lead out by ringing鸣钟送出
Firecrackers rang the Old Year out and the New Year in．爆竹声送走了旧岁，迎来了新年。
Ring out the old， ring in the new！送旧迎新！
3．sound out loud and clear发出响亮、清晰的响声
Cheers rang out from the assembly hall．大礼堂里响起了欢呼声。
His voice rings out across the whole school．他的声音响彻整个学校。
ring up
1． call up打电话
Have you rung up your mother recently？你最近给母亲打电话了吗？
We rang up Henry but got no reply．我们给亨利去过电话，但没人接。
He rang me up immediately after his，arrival．他到达后立刻给我来了电话。
2．add and record on a cash register用收款机结算
The supermarket clerk rang up Mrs．Smith's purchases and told her she owed＄33．超级市场的职员在收款机上结算了史密斯太太购买的东西，告诉她需付33美元。
3． give signal for raising（the curtain）鸣铃启幕
We rang up the curtain on a new show．我们启幕演出了一个新节目。
rip off
1．steal；rob偷窃；抢劫
He was caught ripping off books from the library．那个家伙在图书馆偷书时被抓住了。
2．tear off with an effort用力撕掉
He ripped the paper off．他用力把纸撕掉。
3．defraud；exploit诈骗；敲诈；剥削
I don't shop at that small store any more；they're known for ripping off the customers whenever they get a chance．我再也不在那家小店买东西了，他们一有机会就敲诈顾客已经出了名了。
We are really ripped off by the baker who gave us zero nutritional value for our money．我们确实上了那家面包商的当，他用毫无营养价值的东西来骗我们的钱。
rip out
1．utter angrily， as with an oath or exclamation 愤然说出；诅咒
He has a hot temper and is likely to rip out with unseemly language；you would do well not to say anything at all．他脾气急躁，很可能破口说出不体面的话，你最好什么都不说。
2 ．tear out with an effort 撕碎；拆除
He ripped out the pockets of the coat．他撕掉了上衣的口袋。
The criminals have ripped the telephone wires out，so we can't call the police．罪犯把电话线拉断了，因此，我们无法给警察打电话。
rip up
1． bring to recollection； recall回忆；追想
He ripped up all he had done in the past．他回忆自己过去所做的一切。
2．tear up with an effort；vigorously renounce or tear up（a treaty，etc．）撕毁（条约等）
He ripped up the documents．他把文件撕碎了。
Whoever rips up the agreement will be condemned．不管谁撕毁协议都要受到谴责。
rise in sb． 's opinion improve or go up in sb． 's estimation 获得某人的重视或好评
She has risen in my opinion．我对她的评价有所提高。
rise in the world
prosper；attain wealth or honor 发迹；功成名就；飞黄腾达
He's honest and diligent；I 'm sure he'll rise in the world．他诚实勤奋，我相信他会有出息的。
rise to the occasion
prove to be adequate for the purpose or situation 证明能做某事或应付某局面
When the invited speaker did not arrive，the chairman rose to the cocasion and gave an excellent unprepared speech．当被邀请的演讲者没有到时，主席随机应变，作了一个非常出色的即席演讲。
rob…of
1． take sth．from sb．unlawfully 抢劫（某人）
They knocked him down and robbed him of his watch．他们把他打倒在地，然后抢走了他的手表。
2．deprive sb． of 剥夺；使…丧失
They robbed the people of all liberty of thought．他们剥夺了人民的一切思想自由。
roll about （a spectator，a listener， etc．） enjoy oneself or laugh hilariously（观者、听者等）欢笑；笑得前俯后仰；捧腹大笑
The audience were rolling about in their seats as the clown roped around on the stage．小丑在台上蹦来跳去，逗得观众在座位上捧腹大笑。
roll back
1．reduce（the price of a commodity）to a former level 使（物价等）全面回落；降到原有水平
Drastic measures have been taken to roll back commodity prices．已采取有力措施全面回落物价。
2．repel；cause to fall back击退
We were confident that we could roll back the enemy forces that barred our way．我们深信能击退堵击我们的敌军。
The new administration is confident of rolling back the tide of unrest which is sweeping the country．新政府自信能击退这股席卷全国的动乱浪潮。
3．（a time in the past） return steadily to sb 's consciousness回到某人记忆中；渐渐回忆起过去某一段时间的事情
As the grandmother spoke，the years rolled back and she saw herself as a small girl again．当祖母讲话时，过去的岁月逐渐回到记忆中来，她仿佛看到自己又是一个小孩子了。
roll in
1． come in great volume or quantity 滚滚而来；大量涌进
Good news keeps rolling in from our scientific and technological fronts．我国科技战线上捷报频传。
Offers of help are rolling in．大量的援助滚滚而来。
2．luxuriate in；abound in；have a good deal of（money，etc．）沉溺于；富于
He's rolling in money，since he's inherited his rich father 's fortune．由于继承了富有的父亲的遗产，他成了腰缠万贯的富翁。
3．go to bed就寝
The old professor rolled in late every night．这位老教授每天很晚才睡觉。
roll off print，duplicate by passing paper etc．through the rollers of a machine通过（机器）印出；复制出
You can quickly roll off a few copies of the exercise on the duplicating machine．你可以在复印机上很快地把这个练习复印几份。
roll out
1．make flat and smooth by pressing with a roller，or rollingpin碾平；擀平
She rolled out the dough in order to make a few pies．她把面团压平做了几个馅饼。
2．come forth copiously；make a deep and sonorous sound 滔滔不绝地说出；洪亮地讲出或唱出
The actor rolled out his words so that everyone in the theatre could hear．那位演员声音洪亮地朗诵台词，以使剧场里的每一个人都能听到。
She rolled out these verses emotionally．她充满激情地朗诵这些诗句。
roll out the red carpet
1．welcome with ceremony 正式欢迎
They rolled out the red carpet for the visiting president and his party．他们隆重欢迎前来访问的总统一行。
2．greet with great respect and honor ；give a hearty welcome热烈接待；恭敬地迎接 Jerry 's family rolled out the red carpet for his teacher when he called．杰里的老师来家访时，全家人都热情地欢迎他。
roll up
1．wrap up 包起来
He rolled himself up in a blanket．他用毯子把自己裹了起来。
2．accumulate；collect；increase积累；增加
Thrift and diligence make him roll up a fortune．勤俭使他积累了很大一笔钱财。
His debts rolled up as he couldn 't pay them in time．他无力及时还清债务，因此债台越垒越高。
3．arrive， appear on the scene ；come up in large numbers ；arrive in a vehicle 到场；出现；涌来；乘车到达
The whole family rolled up to their daughter 's first appearance on the stage．全家人都到场观看他们的女儿初次登台演出。
The visitors rolled up to the hotel at eight sharp．参观者 8点整到达旅馆。
Just when we had given up all hope of their coming，they rolled up in a taxi．正当我们放弃了希望，以为他们不会来时，他们却乘坐出租车到了。
4．make into or form a roll卷起
He rolled up his sleeves and set to work at once．他卷起袖子，立即开始工作。
He rolled up his umbrella．他收起了伞。
root about/around search about 到处搜查
He rooted around for his notebook．他到处寻找他的笔记本。
She has been rooting about for her lost daughter．她一直在寻找她失踪的女儿。
root out
1．remove by the roots连根拔除We rooted out the weeds in our garden．我们清除园子里的草。
2． destroy completely肃清；灭绝
We must root out this evil．我们要根除这种弊病。
It is necessary to root out corruption in government．有必要根除政府的腐败行为。
3．discover and bring to light翻出；找出
Julie rooted out some reference books from the library．朱丽从 图书馆里找了一些参考书。
Can you root out some good players for the team？你能为队里物色几个优秀选手吗？
rope in/into
1．use a trick to make sb． do sth．；deceive；fool 欺骗
The swindler had roped in a number of gullible persons．这骗子已经骗了许多轻信的人。
2． get sb． to join or help； persuade to do sth．使（某人）参加；劝（某人）做某事
I didn't want the job of selling tickets for the dance， but I was roped in because everyone else was too busy to do it．我不想做卖舞会门票的事，可是我被拉来了，因为别人都太忙了。
rough in/out get out sth． in a rough form 草拟；画出…轮廓
I've roughed out the direction that we should take．我粗略地画出了我们应该走的方向。
The architect roughed in some trees and flowers to give some idea ofhow the area would look when the building was finished．建筑师在草图上画了些花草树木，让人们了解该地区建设好以后将是个什么样子。
rough it
1．live like primitive people ；live with little comfort and equipment 过原始生活；过野外生活
We're going to rough it on this trip．We bought a tent，and we're going to cook all our meals over a campfire．这次旅行我们要过艰苦的生活。我们买了一顶帐篷，打算每餐饭都用营火做。
For almost half a year，these geologists lived in the mountains，roughing it in their tents．这几位地质学家在山里住了几乎有半年，他们以帐篷为家，过着艰苦的生活。
rough up
1．attack or hurt physically ；treat roughly；beat 粗暴地对待；殴打
The gang decided to rough him up， as a warning to others．暴徒们决定揍他一顿，以此来警告他人。
While Jerry was walking in a strange part of town，some boys roughed him up and told him tostay out of their territory．当杰里在城里一个陌生的地区行走时，有几个男孩子把他打了一顿，并且叫他不要进入他们的地盘。
2．make rough 弄乱；使毛糙
He roughed up her hair．他把她的头发弄乱了。
If you rough up the surface a bit，the paint will stick better．你如果把表面弄粗糙一些，漆会粘得更牢。
round about
1．along the circumference of； all around在（…的）四周
He lives somewhere round about．他就住在这附近。
The white building contrasts pleasantly with the green pines round about．那幢洁白的楼房同四周葱翠的松树相互辉映，赏心悦目。
2．backward；in the opposite direction 向相反方向
They turned round about and left．他们转身朝相反的方向走了。
3．at approximately about大约Please come round about 2 o'clock in the afternoon．请于下午 2点左右来。
4．indirectly；in a circuitous manner间接的；委婉的
He came round about and slowly to 526these conclusions．他委婉地而且慢慢地得出了这些结论。
round off
1．shape as an edge in a round form 把…弄成圆形；弄光滑
Round off the corners of the table please．请把桌子的角刨成圆形。
Take a piece of sand paper and round off the edges of the frame．拿一张砂纸把这个框架的边擦光滑。
2．finfish off well；bring to completion，esp． in a fit manner圆满结束；完成
We rounded off the party by singing popular songs．我们唱着流行歌曲结束了晚会。
Thry have rounded off their work and will write a detailed report．他们圆满结束了工作并将写出详细的汇报。
Their day's outing was rounded off with a visit to the theatre．他们到一家戏院看了一场戏，从而圆满结束了这一天的外出游玩。
round（up）on
1． turn on/against sb． in anger ；attack suddenly either verbally or physically 对某人发怒；突然用语言或行动攻击
Listen patiently to what I've got to say first．Don't round on me just because I don't agree with you．不要因为我不同意你就发火，先耐心听完我的话。
He rounded on her fiercely．他突然气势汹汹地向她扑去。
2．inform against；betray出卖；告密
He was not so bad as to round on his comradesinarms．他不是坏得会出卖自己战友的那种人。
round out
1．complete or perfect；finish very fully 完成；使圆满；完全结束
He rounded out his education by spending a year in Paris．他在巴黎住了一年，完成了学业。
He needs only one or two more stamps to round out his collection of postwar Chinese stamps．他还需要一两张邮票即可将战后中国的邮票集全了。
They intend to round out their work be fore presenting their final analysis．他们打算在全部工作完成之后再提出最终分析。
The scheme was rounded out with suggestions from the veteran technicians．由于采纳了经验丰富的技术员的建议，这个计划就更完善了。
2．fill out； become rounder使饱满；使变圆；使胖起来
She was very thin a fter her illness，but is rounding out nicely now．她病后很瘦，可是现在胖起来了。
As she grew older，she rounded out in the right place．随着年龄的增长，她的身材变得丰满匀称起来。
The wind rounded out the sails as the little boat rushed along．小船疾驰而行，风把帆吹得鼓鼓的。
round up
1．gather together 聚集
The farmer rounded up the cows for milking．那农夫把奶牛赶拢来挤奶。
Please round up the rest of the class； it's time to go back to the school．请把班上其他人集合起来，该回学校了。
2．capture（criminals）抓住（罪犯）
The police finally rounded up the criminal．警察终于抓住了那名罪犯。
rub along
1．（of a person） manage to exist；pass one's time with too much difficulty；live day to day in a more or less satisfactory but unexciting manner（指人）无太大困难地过活；马马虎虎度日；平平淡淡过日子
With the money my mother earned we just managed to rub along．靠妈妈挣来的钱，我们马马虎虎地凑合着过日子。
He is not a good student；he can only just rub along in class．他学习并不好，在班上只是勉强过得去。
“How are you getting on nowadays？”“Oh，just rubbing along．”“你近来好吗？”“哦，马马虎虎过得去。”
2．（of two or more persons）live without quarrelling，etc．和谐相处
We manage to rub along together．我们相处得还算不错。
Except for the first two months they rubbed along quite happily．除了头两个月以外，他们相处得颇为融洽。
rub down
1．clean and dry the body（of an animal or person） by rubbing擦干
The athletes rubbed themselves down with coarse towels．运动员们用粗毛巾擦身。
She rubbed the horse down．她把马梳洗干净。
2．rub and press with the fingers on the body（of a person）to loosen muscles or prevent stiffness；massage按摩（人体）使肌肉放松
The athletes were rubbed down after the training．训练结束后，运动员们都要按摩一下，以放松肌肉。
3．reduce by friction or abrasion ；take off roughness磨光；磨平
He rubbed the chair down with sandpaper．他用砂纸把椅子磨光。
4．search sb．by passing the hand all over the body and limbs遍身搜查（某人）；对（某人）搜身
The policeman rubbed down the suspicious stranger，who turned out to be a spy．警察搜查了那个陌生人的全身，原来他是个间谍。
rub it in
keep talking about sth．that another person wants to forget反复讲别人不愿听的事
“I am really surprised that you failed exams．”“OK，don't rub it in！”“我没想到你会考试不及格。”“好啦，别再提啦！”
rub off
1．remove with a rubber； erase擦掉
He rubbed off the finger mark from the painting．他擦去了画上的指印。
He rubbed off what he had written and started again．他把他所写的擦掉后又开始重写。
2．appear or cause to appear less bright，remarkable or praiseworthy （使）减色With the passing of time some of the glitter of the champion's success has rubbed off．随着时间的推移，这位冠军的成绩已不那么惊人了。
3．stick to sth．touched（接触时）粘住
His dress touched the door that the worker was painting，and some paint rubbed off on it．他的衣服碰到了工人正在油漆的那扇门，沾上了油漆。
Don't touch that charcoal；it will rub off．不要碰那煤炭，会弄脏你的手。
4．pass to sb． near as if by touching传给别人
We all hoped he would stay with us longer so that some of his good qualities might rub off on us．我们都希望他能和我们在一起多呆些日子，这样我们可以从他身上学到一些优秀品质。
Mr．Li is very lucky； I wish some of his luck would rub off on me．李先生运气真好，我希望他的运气能传些给我。
rub out
1．destroy completely；kill；eliminate毁灭；杀死；消除
The gangsters rubbed out four policemen before they were caught．匪徒们在被捕前打死了4名警察。
The city was rubbed out in the earthquake．这座城市在地震中毁灭了。
2．erase ； obliterate擦去；把…磨掉
The ink won't rub out．这种墨水擦不掉。
He rubbed out his name and wrote his father's name in its place．他擦去他自己的名字，写上了他父亲的名字。
rub shoulders/elbows be in the same place（with others）；meet and mix 互相接触；在一起；与他人往来
We don't rub shoulders with such arrogant people．我们不和这种狂妄自大的人来往。
rub up
1．polish by rubbing 擦光；把…磨光滑
When you have put the polish on the silver，rub it up with a clean dry cloth．在银器上打上擦光剂后，要用块干净的干布把它擦亮。
He rubbed the vase up until it shone．他把花瓶擦得铮亮。
2．excite；rouse to action； revive or refresh one's knowledge of 激起；唤起；复习
Your French needs rubbing up．你的法语需要复习一下。
I cannot find a recipe which I cut from the paper ；I must rub up my memory and recall where I laid it．我从报上剪下来的一张配方找不到了，我得好好想想放在哪里了。
rub up against
1． rub against sth．in passing擦上；相磨擦
Look at the spot on your skirt！You must have rubbed up against wet paint somewhere看看你裙子上的脏斑！你一定是在什么地方碰上没干的油漆了。
2．meet or come into contact with by accident 偶然相遇
You occasionally rub up against most interesting people in unlikely Places．有时在意想不到的地方会遇上很有趣的人。
rule out
1． declare the impossibility of； exclude 排除；表示不可能；不把…考虑在内
We can not rule out the possibility that he'll come after all．我们不排除他最终会来的可能性。
Anyone who has entered for the same competition before is ruled out according to the regulations．凡以前参加过同样比赛的人，按照规则均不得参加。
The doctor took Xrays to rule out the chance of broken bones．医生拍了X光片，以排除骨折的可能性。
That idea can be completely ruled out．那种想法可以完全排除。
2．not allow ；decide against； prevent不允许；反对；阻止
The principal ruled out dances on week days．校长不允许在周末以外的时间跳舞。
A sudden storm ruled out the boat race．突然来的暴风雨使划船比赛无法进行了。
run across
1．find or meet by chance偶然发现；偶遇
I ran across the article in yesterday's newspaper．我在昨天的报纸上偶然发现了这篇文章。
He ran across an excellent book on the subject in the library．他在图书馆偶然找到了有关这个题目的一本极好的书。
I ran across my old classmate in the street yesterday．昨天我在街上偶然碰到了我的老同学。
2．convey across让…搭车穿过；运送…到对面去
He ran us across to the other side of the bay in his private launch．他用私人汽艇送我们到海湾彼岸。
3．cross（by running）（跑着）穿过Burning with curiosity，she ran across the fields after the dog．她充满了好奇心，跟在那条狗后面奔过田野。
run after
1． chase追赶The dog ran after a cat．那只狗追赶着一只猫。
Don't bother running after the bus；you'll never catch it．别费劲去追赶那辆公共汽车了，你怎么也赶不上的。
2．try to gain attention and company of（an opposite sex）追求（异 性）
He's always running after women．他总是追求女性。
He has been running after her for months，but she isn't interested in him at all．他追求她好几个月了，可她对他根本不感兴趣。
3．serve；care for服务；关照
Don't expect me to run after you all your life！别指望我会伺候你一辈子！
She often runs after my child． 她常照料我的孩子。
run against
1．hit with a quick movement猛撞
The horse hurt its knee by running against the fence．马撞在围栏上，伤了膝盖。
Driving in a hurry he ran his car against a tree．由于开得太急，他把汽车撞到一棵树上去了。
While walking along the sidewalk，he was so absorbed in thought that he ran against a passerby．他走在人行道上时，全神贯注地想心事，以致和一个过路人撞了个满怀。
2．meet accidentally 偶遇
I ran against an old friend in the street．我在街上偶遇一位老友。
3．be unfavorable to；disfavor对…不利
Time is now running against us in this affair．在这件事上时间于我们不利。
Fortune seems to run against me．命运似乎与我作对。
She never does anything that would run against the interests of the collective．她从不会做任何损害集体利益的事情。
4． compete with by running in a race ；compete with for an elected office与…赛跑；与…竞选
She is prepared to run against the world's best runners．她准备同世界上最优秀的赛跑选手比赛。
Roosevelt ran against Hoover in 1932．1932年罗斯福同胡佛竞选美国总统。
run along
1． go away；be off； depart走开；离开
Run along now，children！I'm busy．孩子们，走开。我正忙着呢。
She said she had something urgent to do and must run along．她说她有急事要办，得走了。
2． convey along（usu． in a car）运送（常指用汽车）
I'll run you along to the station in a few minutes．我立即用车送你去车站。
run around
1．be unfaithful to one's wife or husband；seek amusement or companionship restlessly or incessantly 在外寻欢；有外遇；鬼混作乐When is he going to stop running around and settle for one girl？他什么时候才不到处和女人鬼混，而倾心于一个姑娘呢？
She suspected her husband of running around．她怀疑她丈夫有外遇。
He was sorry that he had wasted his youth running a around．他很后悔浪费了青春年华。
run away/off
1．leave and not plan to come back；go without permission 远走高飞；擅自离开；逃跑
She ran away and left her family．她弃家出走了。
The guards in jail make sure that none of the prisoners run away．监狱守卫确保没有一个犯人逃跑。He ran away from school．他逃学了。
2．go away（not necessarily by running）离去；走掉（不一定是逃 跑）
Don't run away；I've something to say to you．别走，我有话要跟你讲。
Don't bother me while I'm studying ；run away and play．我学习时不要打搅我，到一边玩去吧。
run away with
1． get（sb．） out of control 使（某人）失去控制
When he saw his dead son， his grief ran away with him and he shot himself．他看到儿子死了，悲痛至极开枪自杀了。
Don't let your enthusiasm run away with you ．不要让你的热情使你失去了控制。
You must not let your feeling runaway with you．你不要感情用事。
2． take away（sb． of opposite sex）；elope with 与（异性）私奔
He ran away with his master's wife．他与主人的妻子私奔了。
She was a romantic girl，and gave the impression that she would be quite willing to run away with any young man that flattered her．她是一个浪漫的姑娘，并且给人以这种印象：只要有什么年轻男人去奉承她，她就愿意和他私奔。
3．steal and carry off 携…潜逃 He has run away with all my jewels．他携带我所有的珠宝潜逃了。
4．believe easily； accept hastily without consideration轻易相信；匆匆接受
Don't run away with the idea that you needn't work．不要轻易认为你无须工作。
He ran away with the impression that it was out of the question．他未好好考虑就认为那是办不到的。
Don't run away with the idea that you can always do this kind of thing with impunity．不要轻易认为你总能老干这类事情而不受惩罚。
5．consume ；cost 消耗；花费
His new car just runs away with petrol．他的新车耗油量很大。Not only is smoking bad for your health；it also runs away with your money．吸烟不仅损害你的健康，而且费钱。
6．do far better than others in ；get （a prize，honor， etc．） by surpassing others； win easily（ a prize，etc．）在…方面做得远比别人好；胜过其他人而获得（奖品等）；轻而易举地获得（奖品等）
He surprised others by running away with academic honors．他在学术方面所获得的荣誉使别人为之吃惊。
The girl from Shanghai ran away with the first set in the tennis tournament．那位上海姑娘在网球赛的第1轮比赛中获胜。
She easily ran away with the women's title in the singles at the tabletennis tournament．在乒乓球锦标赛中，她轻而易举地夺得了女子单打冠军。
run back over
look back in the mind回顾；重温
I let my thoughts run back over my childhood．我在回顾我的童年。
Let's run back over the events of the last few days to see if we can find out what went wrong．我们来回顾一下这几天的情况，看看能否找到毛病出在什么地方。
run circle around/run rings around
show that one can do a task much better than；do better than sb．very easily轻而易举做某事；举手之劳
Frank ran rings around the other boys on the basketball team．在篮球队中法兰克的球技远远超过其他队友。
run down
1．（of watch or clock）slow down or stop（钟表）走慢或不走
The kitchen clock ran down because we forgot to wind it．厨房里的钟停了，因为我们忘了上发条。
2．speak ill of；criticize unkindly贬低；不客气地批评
She is jealous of your success；that's why she's always running you down．她嫉妒你的成功，这就是她总是讲你坏话的原因。
He will flatter a person to his face， and then run him down behind his back．他会当面吹捧一个人，而在背后却造谣中伤。
That man doesn't like me ；he's always running me down．那人不喜欢我，他总是诽谤我。
3． chase and catch 追捕
The police were able to run the jewel thieves down after a long search．警察经过长时间搜查，终于抓获了盗窃珠宝的小偷。
After hunting for him for over a week，the police ran the escaped prisoner down in a public house．在追捕了一个多星期后，警察终于在一家酒店里捉住了逃犯。
4． knock down and hurt撞伤
The poor boy has been run down by a bus．这个可怜的男孩子被汽车撞伤了。
She was afraid she would run someone down while driving．她害怕在开车时撞伤人。
5．ill；in poor health or condition 体力衰弱；身体垮掉
Father caught a cold because he was run down from loss of sleep．父亲由于缺乏睡眠，体力衰弱而感冒了。
The old worker was run down after all those years of hard work．这位老工人因多年辛勤劳动而身体垮下来了。
His health ran down to a dangerous level．他的健康状况已恶化到危险的程度。
6．find by hard and thorough search； trace the source of追根究底；探出…的根源
The policeman ran down proof that the burglar had robbed the store．警察追查小偷抢店铺的证据。
He had quite a time running down the technical words．他为查出这些术语的来源花了相当多的时间。
7．（cause to） diminish in number，quantity，size，etc．减少；缩小；降低
The coal industry is running down as coal deposits are used up．由于煤藏枯竭，煤炭工业正在衰落。
The farm labor force in this country is running down steadily．这个国家的农业劳动力正持续减少。
8． slowly bring to a halt使慢慢地停止
The management are running this factory down．管理部门正在慢慢使这个工厂停产。
run errands act as an errandboy；go to a store to buy things for sb．跑腿；为别人办事；买东西
I have no time to run errands for you．我没时间替你跑腿。Rufus runs errands for all the neighbours．鲁福斯为所有的邻居跑腿买东西。
run for
1．try to get elected； compete for an elected office竞选（公职）
Who will run for President next year ？明年谁将竞选总统？
He runs for mayor again．他再次竞选市长。
More people than ever before are running for the city council．这次参加市议会竞选的人比以往任何时候都多。
2．hasten to fetch 匆匆去拿或去请
One of my classmates was seriously ill，so we ran for the doctor．我的一位同班同学病得厉害，我们急忙去请医生。
run in
1 ．（of a new car or one with a new engine） drive it slowly and carefully until the engine runs freely and easily（指新汽车或换上新引擎的 汽车）缓慢而谨慎地试开；试车
We had better allow plenty of time，as I can't drive fast ； the car isn't run in yet．我们最好把时间留宽裕些，我不能把车子开得很快，因为还没有试过车。
The workers are running in the new machines．工人们正在试开那些新机器。
2．visit casually非正式地访问；顺便看望
Run in and see me this evening．今晚请到我家来坐坐。
She lived close by and was used to running in whenever she was free．她住在附近，一有空就过来看我们。
3．convey in（usu．in a car）把…送到；送入（通常指用汽车）
I'll run you in to the station in a few minutes．我马上就用车送你到车站去。
4．introduce引进
They ran the liquid through a tube．他们把液体通过试管引进来。
run into
1．meet by chance 偶然碰见；巧遇；碰上
I unexpectedly ran into him on the street yesterday evening．昨天晚上我在街上偶然碰见了他。
Their ship ran into a strong gale at sea．他们那条船在海上遇到了大风。
2．collide with与…碰撞
Suddenly he lost control of his bike and ran into a lamppost．他突然控制不住自己的自行车，一下子撞到了电线杆上。
He ran into the back of a bus．他撞上了一辆公共汽车的尾部。
3．be affected by ；get into；encounter遭遇到；陷入；经历You will certainly run into many difficulties，but you must not give up．你一定会遇到很多困难，但不能放弃。
When I ran into a problem while making my model airplane， I asked my father for help．当我在做飞机模型遇到困难时，我请我父亲帮忙。
He has run into trouble in his job．他在工作中遇到了困难。
If you travel alone in that forest，you may run into danger．如果你独个儿在那片森林里行走，你会遇到危险的。
She has run heavily into debt．她负债累累。
4．add up to；amount to；total总计为；累计达到
The new dictionary has run into several editions．那部新词典已经再版好几次了。
The number of people killed on the highways during holidays runs into hundreds．高速公路上伤亡人数在假期里高达数百人。
Losses ran into millions of U．S．dollars．损失达几百万美元。
5．mix with；join with 与…混合 ；与…相会合
The rivers on the other side of the mountains run into the Atlantic．山另一侧的河流都流入了大西洋。
The small brook runs into a big river in the valley below．这条小溪在下边的山谷里流入一条大河。
6．continue into延续到；接连；跟着
One year ran into the next，and still there was no change．年复一年，依然如故。
run into the ground
1． do or use sth．more than is wanted or needed把（某事）做过头；做得过分；用得太多
Caution is necessary in doing any work，but it's not advisable to run it into the ground．做任何事情谨慎是必要的，但过分谨慎也是不可取的。
It's all right to borrow my dictionary once in a while，but don't run it into the ground．偶尔借用我的词典可以，但总来借就不好了。
2．win over or defeat sb． completely 彻底打败（某人）
I lost the game today，but tomorrow I'll run you into the ground．这次我输了，可明天我一定要打败你。
3．manage badly till the result is a complete failure 经营不善以致于一败涂地
He has run his business into the ground．他因经营不善，以致生意一败涂地。
run off
1．escape； run away 逃走
The enemy soldiers ran off at night．敌军夜里逃走了。
The man has run off with all the funds．那人带了全部款子逃跑了。
2． make or print（copies）印制；印刷
When you've finished typing this letter，could you run off four copies for me，please？这封信你打完后请帮我印4份好吗？
Has the article been run off yet？这篇文章印好了没有？
3．dash off；recite or compose rapidly 匆匆完成；快速地背出或写出
He's a remarkable writer ；he can run off a novel a week．他是位才华出众的作家，能在一周内赶写出一部小说。
He can run off the list from memory．他能把清单倒背如流。
4． allow to flow away 使流掉
There isn't much wine left in the bottle just run it off．瓶里的酒剩下不多了，全部倒光吧。
They ran off the excess liquid．他们把多余的液体排掉了。
The scolding ran off him like water off a duck's back．责备对他毫无作用，就好比水浇在鸭背上，瞬间就流掉了。
5．cause（a match，a tournament，etc．）to be played to a finish 使（比赛等）赛完；进行决赛以决定（比赛等的）胜负
They ran off the heats and selected their representatives for the big competition．为了选出参加这次大赛的代表，他们进行了预赛。
When will the race be run off？ 该项比赛的决赛什么时候进行？
6．drive off 撵走；赶走；逐出
The boy saw a dog digging in mother's flower bed，and he ran it off．这男孩看到一条狗在妈妈的花坛上乱扒，就把它赶走了。
run on
1．continue 继续
The war could run on for another year yet．这场战争有可能还要延续一年。
This disease can run on for months．这种病可以拖好几个月。
2． talk without pause不停地交谈
The old man ran on for hours about his childhood．那位老人连续几小时讲述他的童年。
He kept running on and on，telling me the same story over and over again．他喋喋不休地反复向我讲那个同样的故事。
3．involve； touch； dwell on关于；涉及；老是想着
Our talks ran on current political news．我们的谈话涉及到当前的政治新闻。
His mind ran on his own troubles．他老在想自己的烦恼事。
4．press with Jokes or ridicule；abuse with sarcasm 讽刺；嘲讽
It shows an ungenerous and unfeeling disposition to run on those who are in an inferior or dependent position．讽刺挖苦下级人员是一种不大方、无同情心的表现。
run out
1．come to an end by using用完
Their food was running out fast so the climbers had to return．食品很快就要用完了，因此登山者只好返回。
We'd just reached the motorway when the petrol ran out．我们刚开到高速公路上，汽油就耗完了。
My patience is running out．我已失去耐心。
2．expire期满无效
My employment contract runs out at the end of this month．我的雇佣合同本月底期满。
The lease for that property will soon run out．那批房产的契约很快就要到期。
3．convey out， usu． in a car 运送（通常指用汽车）
I'll happily run you out to see them．我很愿意用车送你去见他们。
run out of
1．have no further supply of用完
The car ran out of petrol after ten miles．这辆小汽车跑了10英里就没油了。
I have run out of money．我把钱用光了。
2．force to leave 赶走
If you refuse to leave of your own free will， the boys will run you out of town．如果你不肯自动离开的话，这些男孩会把你赶出城的。
run out on
1．leave or desert sb．抛弃
His former allies ran out on him．他原来的伙伴们抛弃了他。
2．fail to fulfil；withdraw one's support from 不履行；遗弃；不予支持
You can not run out on the contract，or you could be taken to court．你不能不履行合同，否则你要上法庭的。
He said he would help us， but at the last moment he ran out on us．他说他要帮我们的忙，但最后他却不管我们了。
No one could accuse him of running out on his friends．没人可以责备他不帮朋友忙。
run over
1．overflow溢出
The river is running over its banks and we shall be flooded．河水正在漫过河岸，我们就要受淹了。
Someone must have left the tap on，for the water was running over and flooding the bathroom．一定是有人忘了关水龙头，水都溢出来了，浴室里尽是水。
2．knock down and pass over with a moving vehicle（车辆）辗过
Go slower ；you might run over those children playing on the road．慢点儿！当心压了在路上玩耍的孩子。
The motorist admitted that he ran over a woman on a pedestrian crossing．开车人承认他的车子在人行横道上压过一位妇女。
3．repeat for practice； go over（a subject）cursorily 温习；扼要复述Just run over the notes before the examination．考前把笔记复习一下。
I 've explained the subject pretty fully；now I'll run over the main points again．对于这个问题，我已经做了相当详尽的解释，现在我将重复一下要点。
During the lunch hour，Mary ran over her history facts so she would remember them for the test．午餐时玛丽匆匆地把历史笔记复习了一下，以便考试时记住。
4．visit briefly 短暂串门
She ran over to her neighbour's to borrow some milk．她到邻居家去借些牛奶。
He often runs over to my office to talk about his work．他常来我办公室谈他的工作。
5．go beyond；exceed a limit超过；超出限度
I'm afraid time is running over ；we'll have to end it now． 时间快要到了，我们该收工了。
His speech ran over the time limit．他的讲话超过了规定的时间。
The amount collected in taxes ran over the estimate．收的税金超出了预算。
6．play （a tape， etc．）放（磁带）
He ran the tape over again and again and listened carefully．他一遍又一遍放磁带并仔细听着。
run short be in short supply；not have enough缺少；不足
The world is gradually running short of oil．世界上的石油正越来越少。
Drinking water was running short before the voyage was over．饮用水在航海完成之前就用完了。
run the risk of be open to danger；put oneself in danger易遭危险；冒险；使自己身处险境
A baseball umpire wears a mask and chest protector so he won't run the risk of being hit by the ball．棒球裁判戴着面具和胸护，以免遭球击。
run through
1．use up wastefully 挥霍尽；乱花光
The rich man's son quickly ran through his money．这位富人的儿子很快就把钱挥霍光了。
He ran through the family fortune in a year．他一年之内耗尽了全部家产。
We run through ten gallons of petrol a week．我们一个星期用10加仑汽油。
2．repeat重复
I'll run through the main points of the news again．我将重播一下新闻的主要内容。
3．review；rehearse复习；预演；排练
He ran through his lecture in his mind．他在心里默诵他的演讲词。
We should run through the whole play once more before we actually present it on the stage．我们在公演前应该把整个剧再排练一遍。
4．pierce or stab，as with a sword 刺入；贯穿
He ran his opponent through with a sword．他用剑刺穿了他的对手。
5．peruse or examine quickly；deal with in rapid succession 迅速阅读或检查；很快地处理
Will you run through this essay for me， and tell me what you think of it？请你把这篇文章看一下，并把意见告诉我，好吗？
I have run through the headlines in today's newspapers．今天报纸的大标题我都浏览过了。
run to
1．afford；have sufficient money，ability，etc．for买得起；有足够的钱、能力等做某事
On my salary I can't run to a colour television．靠工资我买不起彩电。
I'm afraid we can't run to a holiday abroad this year．恐怕今年我们没钱出国度假了。
The chapel needs redecorating，but funds won't run to it．教堂需要重新装饰一番，但资金不足。
2．amount to；extend to总额达到；伸展到
The book runs to 300 pages．该书多达300页。
The casualties ran to more than a hundred thousand．伤亡人数达10万以上。
3．tend to倾向于
She naturally runs to fat．她天生会发胖。
I was annoyed that I had let myself run to fat， so I made efforts to lose weight．真烦人，我长得太胖了，所以我努力减肥。
run to earth/ground
hunt to its hiding place， home，starting point or origin追根究底；追查到底
All the men who helped to run to earth the criminals were richly rewarded．所有协助追查罪犯的人都获重赏。
The book was out of print but he eventually ran it to earth at a secondhand bookshop．那本书绝版了，但他终于在一家旧书店里买到了。
run true to form
follow a usual way；act as expected；agree with how a person usually acts一如往常；一贯；不失…之本色
His action ran true to form； he bothered his mother until she let him have his way．他和往常一样，缠着他妈妈直到她依了他才罢休。
run up
1．raise升起
They ran up the national flag in honor of the victory．他们升起国旗，庆贺胜利。
2．make quickly by sewing ； build or erect quickly很快地缝；迅速地造起或架起
They ran up the shed in a very short time．他们一会儿就把棚子搭好了。
3．amass；incur；accumulate累积；积聚；招致
He is running up huge debts．他债台越筑越高。
He ran up a big bill during his stay in town．他在城里逗留期间，欠了一大笔债。
I've run up an overdraft and now the bank's stopped my credit．我的透支剧增，所以银行停止了我的信贷。
The extra grant will only just cover the deficit that we've run up already．额外的拨款将勉强弥补我们已经积欠下来的亏空。
4．cause to increase；raise； increase by bidding； bid up， as at an auction or sale抬高（价格）；提高；（在拍卖时）迫使（对方）出高价
The special packaging will run up the price of the item．特殊包装会抬高这种商品的价格。
The sales of the book ran up．这书的销售量迅速上升。
5．add or count up quickly 迅速把… 加起来
He ran up this column of figures in a few minutes．他在几分钟内就把这一行的数字加起来了。
run up against
1． meet by chance ；encounter碰到；偶遇
I thought we would be successful，but we ran up against a lack of money．我本以为我们会成功，但因资金短缺而受阻。
Could you help me？I've run up against a few problems．你能帮我 一下吗？我碰上了几个问题。
2．collide with与…相撞
In the dark he ran up against a big tree．黑暗中，他撞到一棵大树上去了。
run up to
1．amount to总额达到
The bill for the repairs might run up to ￡300．修理费可能会多达300 英镑。
2．come near to as by running跑近
The child ran up to the teacher to show her his drawing．这个孩子跑到老师身边，让她观看他的画。
run wild get out of control 失去控制；胡闹The new teacher lets the children run wild．这位新教师听任孩子们胡闹。
Prices were running wild all over the country．全国物价普遍在上涨。
rush at run towards so as to attack向…冲去；扑向…
He rushed at his enemy with a drawn sword．他拔出刺刀，向敌人冲去。
rush through
1．complete hastily 匆忙做完
We rushed through the last few orders so as to close the shop early．我们匆忙地做完了最后几笔生意，以便早点打烊。
Even though they had to rush through their job，they still saw to it that high quality was guaranteed．尽管他们得赶紧做完那项工作，但还是注意保证质量。
2．transport as quickly as possible 尽快地运输
They are rushing workers through to the factories．他们正忙于把工人尽快送去工厂上班。
